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Emergency Responder Health Monitoring and Surveillance (ERHMS) is a health monitoring and surveillance framework developed by the National Response Team, an organization of 15 federal departments and agencies responsible for coordinating emergency preparedness and response. The framework includes recommendations, guidelines, tools, and trainings for use in protecting emergency responders during each phase of an emergency response, including pre-deployment, deployment, and post-deployment. The guidelines and recommendations address the medical clearance, training, and health monitoring of workers from emergency management, fire service, law enforcement, emergency medical services, public health, mental health, disaster relief, and volunteer organizations, as well as construction and other skilled support who may be participating in a broad range of activities including assessment, search and rescue, investigation, recovery, cleanup and restoration. Events in which the framework could be employed include chemical spills, natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes, and terrorist attacks. ERHMS was designed to function within the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) National Incident Management System (NIMS), a systematic approach to emergency management.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://nrt.sraprod.com/ERHMS/ERHMSDocs/ERHMS_Decisionmakers_060512.pdf )〕 The ERHMS trainings satisfy Public Health Emergency Preparedness capability 14, "Responder Safety and Health."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cdc.gov/phpr/capabilities/ )〕 ERHMS has been adopted as the accepted standard organizational focus for emergency response at all levels (local, state and federal) and for all incident sizes and types. == Background and purpose == After the health effects among emergency responders to the September 11, 2001 attacks at the World Trade Center became apparent, public health and government officials began to call for improved emergency worker health monitoring and surveillance in the event of future disasters. A 2004 joint report from RAND Corporation and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) entitled “Protecting Emergency Responders, Volume 3” called for enhanced protection of emergency workers in future emergency events and described several areas of improvement. Testimony from RAND in 2007 declared that there had been insufficient protection of 9/11 recovery workers and that future disasters should have an incident safety management structure in place that can make safety decisions and has the equipment, capabilities, and authority needed to implement and enforce them effectively. In 2008, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) released a report entitled, “September 11: HHS Needs to Develop a Plan That Incorporates Lessons from the Responder Health Programs.” This report called for a “plan for responder screening and monitoring services that defines the roles of HHS components and incorporates the lessons from the WTC health programs.” The report named five lessons learned, including registering all responders, implementing robust physical and mental health screening and monitoring, providing treatment referral services, and ensuring that all responders, regardless of employment status or location, could access the same screening and monitoring programs and services.〔 The 2007 RAND testimony also concluded that the lessons of 9/11 had not been implemented in the response effort for Hurricane Katrina.〔 According to the GAO, during the Katrina response, emergency response workers were not accurately rostered, and lack of cooperation between FEMA and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) led to inadequate monitoring of workers’ safety and health. In 2008, NIOSH coordinated a multi-agency effort to begin drafting the ERHMS framework. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Emergency Responder Health Monitoring and Surveillance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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